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2.Controlling LEDs with a Keypad and Arduino

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 Controlling LEDs with a Keypad and Arduino Components Needed: Arduino board 4x4 or 4x3 Keypad LEDs (e.g., 3 LEDs) Resistors (e.g., 220Ω for each LED) Jumper wires Breadboard (optional) Connections: Keypad : Connect the keypad pins to digital pins on your Arduino (e.g., rows to pins 9, 8, 7, 6 and columns to pins 5, 4, 3, 2). LEDs : Connect the LEDs to digital pins (e.g., LED1 to pin 13, LED2 to pin 12, LED3 to pin 11). Don’t forget to add a current-limiting resistor in series with each LED. Example Code: C++ Code # include <Keypad.h> const byte ROWS = 4 ; // Number of rows const byte COLS = 4 ; // Number of columns char keys[ROWS][COLS] = { { '1' , '2' , '3' , 'A' }, { '4' , '5' , '6' , 'B' }, { '7' , '8' , '9' , 'C' }, { '*' , '0' , '#' , 'D' } }; byte rowPins[ROWS] = { 9 , 8 , 7 , 6 }; // Connect to row pins of keypad byte colPins...
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Measuring and Displaying Solar Panel Voltage on an LCD using Arduino

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 Measuring and Displaying Solar Panel Voltage on an LCD using Arduino Step 1: Components Required Arduino Board (e.g., Arduino Uno) Solar Panel (small panel with known voltage range) Voltage Divider Resistors (e.g., 15kΩ and 5kΩ) 16x2 LCD with I2C Interface Jumper Wires Breadboard (optional for ease of connections) Step 2: Circuit Diagram Connect the Solar Panel: Connect the positive terminal of the solar panel to the input of the voltage divider circuit. Use resistors R1 (15kΩ) and R2 (5kΩ) to step down the voltage to a range readable by the Arduino (0-5V). Voltage Divider Connections: Solar Panel + connects to the junction between R1 and R2. R2 connects to GND . The voltage reading point (junction between R1 and R2) goes to A0 (analog input) of the Arduino. Connect the LCD: If using an I2C LCD , connect the LCD pins as follows: GND to Arduino GND VCC to Arduino 5V SDA to Arduino A4 SCL to Arduino A5 Step 3: Arduino Code Use the following code to read the solar panel ...
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4.Displaying Weight and Force from an FSR on an I2C LCD using Arduino

 Displaying Weight and Force from an FSR on an I2C LCD using Arduino Circuit: FSR Setup : Connect one end of the FSR to 5V. Connect the other end of the FSR to an analog pin (e.g., A0) and a 10kΩ resistor. Connect the other side of the resistor to GND. I2C LCD Setup : Connect the LCD's SDA and SCL pins to the corresponding pins on the Arduino (usually A4 and A5 for Arduino Uno). Connect VCC to 5V and GND to GND. Code: Here's the code that reads the FSR value and displays the weight in grams and force in newtons on the LCD: C++ Code # include <Wire.h> # include <Adafruit_LiquidCrystal.h> Adafruit_LiquidCrystal lcd ( 0 ) ; // Initialize the I2C LCD (default I2C address 0x20) int fsrPin = A0; // Analog pin connected to FSR int fsrReading; // Variable to store the FSR reading float calibrationFactor = 0.5 ; // Calibration factor to convert FSR reading to weight in grams (example value) float weight; // Calculated weight in gr...
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